Deforestation is the process of permanent destruction of a forest a. Better understanding of the effects of plantations on livelihoods is crucial for designing policies that maximize the positive benefits and mitigate negative impacts of afforestation. Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestationrelated issues to solve. Therefore, over a longer time period, total forest area in a given region does not have to show a lot of variation. Impacts of deforestation on the loss of biodiversity. As a result of the exploding population the rate of deforestation in akwanga is becoming quite alarming, fertile agricultural land is gradually. Potential and actual impacts of deforestation and afforestation on land surface temperature. Deforestation is one of the major causes to the environmental degradation which is affected by the agents like small farmers, ranches, loggers and plantation companies. The change of forest cover in china can be characterized in three stages. These changes can modify water, energy and carbon balance of the land surface, which can ultimately affect climate. Preliminary study on the drivers of deforestation and. Japan and its impact on southeast asia deforestation. Study on the evolution of some deforestation drivers and.
Deforestation and afforestation are opposite activities. The prevention of deforestation and promotion of afforestation have often been cited as strategies to slow global warming. It is extremely harmful, not only for oneself but for the entire environment. Study on the evolution of some deforestation drivers and their potential impacts on the. It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion. Humandriven and natural loss of treesdeforestationaffects wildlife, ecosystems, weather patterns, and even the climate.
D indicates that the sign of actual impact is consistent between modis and gfc data. When forests are killed, nature basically requires people to renew the forest. Received 19 feb 2016 accepted 3 nov 2016 accepted article online 8 nov 2016 published online 22 dec 2016 2016. Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystems on earth and about 80% of the worlds known biodiversity eminates from them. Simulated impacts of afforestation in east china monsoon. Reforestation, afforestation, deforestation, climate change and. The properties of forest stands influence climate, water balance, air constituents and the dynamic of atmosphere. The potential effect of forest change on temperature is calculated by the lst difference between forest and nearby nonforest land, whereas the.
Hydrological consequences of deforestation and afforestation. To comprehend fully the benefits of afforestation and reforestation, one must first entirely understand the extent to which the deforestation is harming the global population, earths soils and biodiversity, while pushing the global climate change into the irreversible direction of. Forests that are naturally occurring and which have. Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. The causes attributed to deforestation are multivariate in nature, interrelated and differ at local, national as well as regional scale. Reforestation is the alteration of a nonforested area to a forested. Afforestation and deforestation are covered by the environmental impact. Deforestation results in a number of environmental impacts. Many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and carbon sequestration. Deforestation results in a decline in biodiversity and is known to have caused the extinction of many species. However, biophysical effects of deforestation, which include changes in land surface albedo, evapotranspiration, and cloud cover also affect climate. Using results from deforestation studies to predict the effects of afforestation may be problematic because they are not necessarily opposite and reversible processes robinson et al.
Japan deforestation and afforestation program can be classified as pre wwii, during the. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on forest cover in china from 1949 to 2003 yuxing zhang and conghe song chinas forest cover increased from 8. The soil only stays nutrient rich for so long, about two years11, after this time, the nutrients from the burned biomass are used up. Since the industrial revolution, deforestation has accelerated worldwide and it has adversely impacted our environment. Nov 21, 2012 using the national center for atmospheric research community climate system model version 3. When this happens, farmers pack up and move on to the next section of the rainforest, leaving their farmland behind for. Introduction water is the common denominator of all global challenges. Pdf potential and actual impacts of deforestation and. The effects of afforestation and deforestation on water. I will explain in points to make everyone understand better there are few differences given here to satisfy your question how are deforestation and afforestation different. It consists of a complex of social, political, economic. Effects of reforestation, deforestation, and afforestation.
Deforestation is the main concern in tropical rainforests since they are home to millions of animals and much biodiversity. Deforestation also has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increasing negative feedback cycles contributing to global warming. The changes in runoff induced by deforestation and afforestation likely differ in magnitude, timing, and relationship to site characteristics. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation and. Sep 11, 2016 introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation and reforestation. High rates of deforestation have severe consequences for climate change. Difference between afforestation and deforestation byjus. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on forest. Similarly, reforestation can be considered a form of afforestation. That is a non disputable fact, but trees are so much more. The asterisk indicates that the difference in the magnitude of the estimated impacts between modis lc and gfc is not greater than their averages by 100%.
This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction. To identify the relative roles of co2 increase, changing temperature and rainfall, and deforestation in the future, and the magnitude of their impact on atmospheric co2 concentrations, we have applied a dynamic global vegetation model, using multiple scenarios of tropical deforestation extrapolated from two estimates of current rates and. The drivers of tropical deforestation can be summed up as complex socioeconomic processes that are impossible to isolate a single cause. Deforestation and afforestation processes occur continuously, due both to permanent damages of forest areas and to spontaneous or planned forest regeneration. What is the difference between deforestation and afforestation. Afforestation is the primary factor increasing forest cover in china. Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change. Their conclusion was that boreal afforestation warms the surface and deforestation cools the surface, due to albedo changes and despite counteracting changes in co 2. Cumulative areas of afforestation in china from 1949 to 2003 were 241 million ha, of which 90 million ha eventually established as plantation forests, i. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest. That is because deforestation is the single most important source, with a net loss of forest area between 2000 and 2005 of 7.
Their importance for mankind is not only due to wood production but also by their manyfold influences on the biosphere. In the 1990s, deforestation remained the most important landuse change in tropical regions 142 x 106 ha per year. Humandriven and natural loss of trees deforestation affects wildlife, ecosystems, weather patterns, and even the climate. Harvesting consumed billon m3 in timber volume from 1949 to 2003. Effects of deforestation and afforestation on climate springerlink. Climate impacts from afforestation and deforestation in. View afforestation and deforestation ppts online, safely and virusfree. It has a serious negative effect on climate change in as far as rainfall is reduced and the amount of sunlight reflected from earths surface alters. From rising sea levels to global warming, and even a hypothetical apocalyptic situation such as the runaway greenhouse effect, deforestation has had an adverse impact on our planet. Causes and drawbacks essay 4 400 words deforestation is the process of cutting down of trees and forests completely or partially for different reasons like manufacturing different products with various parts of the tree as raw material, to build structures and other buildings, etc. This book attempts to justify the reasons of deforestation, afforestation and reforestation with available examples and.
Pdf hydrological consequences of deforestation and afforestation. Afforestation for restoration of land and climate change. Pdf potential and actual impacts of deforestation and afforestation. Greenhouse gases are emitted during combustion of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon. Hall international institute for infrastructural, hydraulic and environmental engineering, p. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Climate impacts from afforestation and deforestation in europe. Nigerias wildlife is rapidly declining due to habitat loss, increased pressure from hunters, poachers and bush burning, says vision 2010 report.
Sometimes special tools, such as a tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. It is essentially the transformation of land which has not been forested for a period of more than 40 year to woodland through seeding and planting. Pdf effects of reforestation, deforestation, and afforestation on. Here, the effects of maximum afforestation and deforestation are studied over europe. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are.
One of the best solutions to deforestation is afforestation. Mitigation options by the forestry sector include extending. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change mitigation. Deforestation is the destruction of forests by logging, by conversion to farm land, by desertification, or any other means and.
It is also the antonym for reforestation and afforestation. Deforestation is the removal of a forest so that the land on which it stood may be put to another use. When we think about trees, the first thing that comes to our mind is that trees are lungs of our planet. Land use changes, especially in the form of deforestation, are the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel combustion. There is a broad consensus that expansion of cropped areas and pastures are a major source of. As nouns the difference between afforestation and deforestation is that afforestation is the act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested while deforestation is the process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else.
The exploitation of land and water resources to sustain an everincreasing population inevitably involves the utilisation for both urban and agricultural development of rural areas and the natural landscape. To prevent the effects of deforestation, afforestation may be done. Deforestation can lead to the depletion of trees in water catchments and riverside zones. Forests are undergoing significant changes throughout the globe. Deforestation facts and information national geographic. Not only does the lumber industry impact local deforestation, but it also impacts the whole environment, as deforestation is a major driver of climate change. Impacts of afforestation on sustainable livelihoods in. Scoping the environmental impacts of afforestation and.
Many countries have introduced the practice of planting trees along with agricultural crops in croplands. Changes in monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air surface temperature due to forest cover change over the a boreal, b temperate, and c tropical climate zones the arid zone has experienced minor changes in forest cover are shown. In the world today, most lands are used for industrialization housing projects. Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations, as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record. This process can result in profound changes to the flow regime of river basins that are so affected. Afforestation refers to the conversion of wasteland into a woodland or forest. In most cases, we do see impacts from afforestation on t max and t min trends that are opposite in sign compared to deforestation impacts, supported by both modis lc and gfc data figure 5. This is an open access article under the terms of the creative. Effects of reforestation, deforestation, and afforestation on carbon storage in soils. Land that was subject to deforestation d, and is subsequently subject to regrowth of forests.
Afforestation is the best technique used to minimize the greenhouse effect. Impacts of deforestation atmospheric impact deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography of ethiopia. Afforestation occurs on land that has not been forested for at least 50 years. As a responsible citizens of society we must plant at least one tree in our lives. Since deforestation dries out the soil, the risk of forest fires also increases. Deforestation in recent days has become the curse of our world that resulted in the. It is highly undesirable and converts a green land into barren. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover. We propose to study the impact of afforestation programs in india, a country in which afforestation efforts are extensive, on the livelihoods of the rural poor. Changes in vegetation are known to have an impact on climate via biogeophysical effects such as changes in albedo and heat fluxes. Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons see below, the most common being the conversion of the onceforested land into farmland, either for growing crops or for keeping livestock. In addition, afforestation acts as a catchment for water and soil conservation. Afforestation is a reverse process to deforestation and thus should have the opposite impact on lst. Effects of deforestation and afforestation on climate.
Their importance for mankind is not only due to wood production but also by their manyfold influences on the. Earlier longterm forest hydrologic studies focused on deforestation effects, floods. The consequences of deforestation are devastating, and may, amongst other negative impacts, result in a reduction in the provision of overall ecosystem services, and also contribute to global warming. Afforestation is the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested. Many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation. F indicates that actual impacts of deforestation and afforestation are opposite in sign. Deforestation affects climate change be cause it releases the carbon stored in the plants and soils and al ters the physical prop erties of the surface. Causes, effects and control strategies sumit chakravarty 1, s. Afforestation is the planting of the trees in a land that has never been planted before. This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. Deforestation definition, causes, effects, and control.
Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. Deforestation and afforestation by dave armstrong mon, 26 mar 2012 06. Afforestation ensures trees and plants that hold the soil in these sensitive areas remain protected. The welfare functions of forests can be observed in the global as well as in the local or microscale. Combined climate and carboncycle effects of largescale. Impacts of deforestation on the loss of biodiversity zambrut. Deforestation causes, impacts and restoration strategies. Reforestation occurs on land that has been forested more recently but has been converted to nonforest land, and was nonforested on 31 december 1989. Box 3015, 2601 da delft, netherlands received 18 december 1994. Forests cover about 30 percent of the planets land mass, but humans. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. However, considering the biodiversity loss in the deforestation process, the restoration of the previous state usually does not occur.
Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. Afforestation can be done through tree planting and seeding, naturally or artificially. In response to afforestation, the local surface air temperature significantly decreases in summer and increases. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover. The term afforestation is most often used in conjunction with discussions of carbon sequestration, which is the process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Afforestation is the reverse of deforestation and includes. Global change will impact carbon mitigation in the forest. Also, lands are classified into agricultural or commercial. Impacts of deforestation on socioeconomic development.
Afforestation processes occur spontaneously in terms of vegetation changes, and mostly depend on surrounding vegetation and prevailing environmental conditions. Afforestation is a main part in fighting against global warming, pollution, soil erosion and maintaining the ecological balance. Deforestation can be defined as the largescale removal of trees from forests or other lands for the facilitation of human activities. To comprehend fully the benefits of afforestation and reforestation, one must first entirely understand the extent to which the deforestation is harming the global population, earths soils and biodiversity, while pushing the global climate change into the irreversible direction of global warming.
Afforestation vs deforestation whats the difference. A forest stand is a close community of trees sufficient in size, composition and location to distinguish it from other nearby communities. So pace should be maintained for deforestation and afforestation such that level should be maintained between both. Deforestation is a contributor to global climate change, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect 7. This study suggests that afforestation deforestation can help to exacerbate ameliorate heat waves. The combined effects of reduced deforestation and degradation, afforestation, forest management, agroforestry and bioenergy have the potential to increase from the present to 2030 and beyond medium agreement, medium evidence. Abstract deforestation has been in the center of most world discussions as the major cause of climate change and environmental as well as atmospheric challenges which has adverse consequence on human settlement as well as plant and animal natural habitat. Reforestation is one concept that is in the opposite direction as deforestation, but is proven to be a much harder effort than deforestation. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven. Deforestation releases co 2 to the atmosphere, which exerts a warming influence on earths climate. It refers to the destroyingcutting of trees for the benefit of oneself or others. Potential and actual impacts of deforestation and afforestation on. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on.
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